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GPCR19, also known as G protein-coupled bile acid receptor 1 (GPBAR1) or TGR5, is a protein that in humans is encoded by the GPBAR1 gene. This gene encodes a member of the G protein-coupled receptor (GPCR) superfamily. This protein functions as a cell surface receptor for bile acids. Treatment of cells expressing this GPCR with bile acids induces the production of intracellular cAMP, activation of a MAP kinase signaling pathway, and internalization of the receptor. The receptor is implicated in the suppression of macrophage functions and regulation of energy homeostasis by bile acids.
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